Abstract
Ionic liquids have attracted the attention of the industry and research community as versatile solvents with unique properties, such as ionic conductivity, low volatility, high solubility of gases and vapors, thermal stability, and the possibility to combine anions and cations to yield an almost endless list of different structures. These features open perspectives for numerous applications, such as the reaction medium for chemical synthesis, electrolytes for batteries, solvent for gas sorption processes, and also membranes for gas separation. In the search for better-performing membrane materials and membranes for gas and vapor separation, ionic liquids have been investigated extensively in the last decade and a half. This review gives a complete overview of the main developments in the field of ionic liquid membranes since their first introduction. It covers all different materials, membrane types, their preparation, pure and mixed gas transport properties, and examples of potential gas separation applications. Special systems will also be discussed, including facilitated transport membranes and mixed matrix membranes. The main strengths and weaknesses of the different membrane types will be discussed, subdividing them into supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), poly(ionic liquids) or polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), polymer/ionic liquid blends (physically or chemically cross-linked ‘ion-gels’), and PIL/IL blends. Since membrane processes are advancing as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional separation processes, having shown promising results for complex new separation challenges like carbon capture as well, they may be the key to developing a more sustainable future society. In this light, this review presents the state-of-the-art of ionic liquid membranes, to analyze their potential in the gas separation processes of the future.
Highlights
The term ‘Ionic Liquids’ (IL), in the most modern sense, describes the molten salts whose physical state can be described as a liquid at temperatures below 100 ◦C [1,2]
Long-life supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) membranes with high stability can be produced by using hydrophobic material, which increases the thickness of the boundary layers on the interfaces of SILMs mainly due to the physical bonding between ionic liquids (ILs) and substrates when ILs are coated in the pores of the substrates [25]
The concept of facilitated transport for CO2 involves the addition of a mobile chemical to the SILM, a so-called carrier, that can reversibly bind to CO2
Summary
Karel Friess 1,2 , Pavel Izák 1,2 , Magda Kárászová 2, Mariia Pasichnyk 2, Marek Lanc 1 , Daria Nikolaeva 3 , Patricia Luis 3 and Johannes Carolus Jansen 4,*. Yampolskii Received: 4 January 2021 Accepted: 25 January 2021 Published: 30 January 2021
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