A Review on Emerging Fungal Infections and Their Significance

Abstract

The incidence of fungal infections is increasing at an alarming rate, presenting an enormous pressure and challenge to healthcare professionals for their diagnosis and treatment. Emerging fungal infections is also cause of significant morbidity and mortality. This emergence is directly related to the growing population of immune-compromised individuals. Patient with condition such as Granulocytopenia, advanced HIV infection, bone marrow and solid organ transplantation, cancer, diabetes mellitus, severe burn and trauma and severe malnutrition are among many others predisposing factor for low immunity. Demographics changes, Microbial adaptation and Technological advances are few factors which promote these emergences. Infection may be caused by various types of fungi such as yeast and mould including hyaline as well as dematiaceous mould. Populations which are not exposed to endemic fungi and are healthy may also are at risk by dimorphic fungi. Increase in surveillance, availability of rapid noninvasive diagnostic test, monitoring of development of resistance to antifungal agents, research on pathogenesis, prevention, and control of fungal infection are few steps we may put together to cope up with these emerging health problems.