Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposites constitute an interesting and promising material for various applications. Intensive progress in the development of this group of materials offers an opportunity to create new systems useful for drinking water decontamination or other biotechnological applications. Nanohybrid structures of graphene-ceramic systems can be obtained using covalent graphene surface modification with nanoparticles (NPs) of ceramic and/or co-deposition of metals with selected morphology and chemistry. The present paper systematizes the associated bio-related knowledge and inspires future development of graphene/NPs systems. Emerging knowledge and unique research techniques are reviewed within designing the required nanocomposite structure and chemical composition, development and optimization of new methods of covalent surface modification of graphene with NPs as well as analysis of mechanisms governing the formation of covalent bonding. Further, innovative research tools and methodologies are presented regarding the adjustment of functionalities of materials used for the application in drinking water decontamination or biocidal composites. This study provides a comprehensive base for rational development of more complex, hybrid graphene-based nanomaterials with various bio-functionalities that can be further applied in industrial practice.
Highlights
Graphene belongs both to carbon and two-dimensional (2D) materials
The extraordinary photocatalytic dye degradation was shown by reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/TiO2 nanocomposite obtained via simple in-situ microwave synthesis (Kumar et al, 2015)
A method of obtaining nanohybrid graphene sorbents from the RGO/TiO2-Me system consists of mixing organometallic titanium compound, a precious metal compound, or a mixture of such compounds is added to the graphene flakes or graphene oxide dispersed in an organic solvent
Summary
Graphene belongs both to carbon and two-dimensional (2D) materials. The term “graphene” is accepted as a monolayer of carbon atoms with sp hybridization arranged in a honeycomb crystal lattice (Novoselov et al, 2004; Neto et al, 2006). Many other interesting properties were demonstrated (Zhang et al, 2011a) and a range of possible applications of GFMs were proposed as well (Shao et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2011a; Kucinskis et al, 2013; Petrone et al, 2013; Garg et al, 2014; Yin et al, 2014) In this regard, there are comprehensive reviews available that discuss preparation of bulk structures with high density (Markandan et al, 2017) or functional nanocomposites (Ramírez et al, 2021).
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