Abstract
Almost 90% of cases of diabetes in adult is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is a chronic metabolic disorder happens for insulin resistance that cause chronic hyperglycaemia. This review article based on search on medicine, database of systemic reviews. This review presenting the etiology and major factors involved in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and also the modification of lifestyle which is useful in the management of T2DM. Screening and diagnosis is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Glucolipotoxicity, if left untreated it reduce function of pancreatic beta cell. Various environmental factors and genetic factors cause onset action of increase in diabetes. Treatment include lifestyle modification, obesity maintaining, oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin sensitizer like metformin, biguanide decrease resistance of insulin and other is sulfonylureas thiazolidinediones, alpha- glucosidase inhibitor. It also includes the explanation of current strategies to control diabetes. The employment of phytoconstituent as multitargeting molecules and their potential use with a first line drug that helps to reduce the side effects which is caused by synthetic drugs are also explained.
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