Abstract
The issue of the cathode ray tube (CRT) technology facing its end-of-time and increasing quantities across the globe has acquired the responsiveness of many researchers. The use of waste CRT glass as a construction material has fascinated them due to its significant advantage in recycling the hazardous and non-biodegradable waste CRT glass. However, lack of knowledge about the effects and features of CRT glass as a construction material could be a hindrance to the excessive utilization of waste CRT glass. Therefore, in order to establish the idea of using CRT waste glass as a more common construction material, this paper reviews several recycling techniques of CRT glass and further detail on the workability, density, and compressive strength properties of concrete and mortar using CRT glass (treated or untreated) as fine aggregates. The review showed that, generally, the use of CRT glass as a complete or partial replacement of natural sand shows a slight increase in density, workability, and concrete strength compared to conventional concrete. However, there are no clear trends that can be concluded as this review also showed that various factors influenced its performance, such as percentage replacement, particle size, lead (Pb) content, and types of admixtures.
Highlights
Over the last few years, the amount of electronic waste (e-waste), especially cathode ray tube (CRT), has been on the rise and it has become an emerging concern in many developing countries
The results show the ability of hardened mortar with CRT glass aggregate as radiation-shielding since it can withstand the high-level of X-ray energy [23]. similar to the research conducted by Ismail et al [24] that used Pb metals in concrete production as shielding materials for X-rays and gamma rays
While the authors [9] noticed the concrete specimens containing 25%, 50%, and 70% CRT glass sand obtained a much higher slump value of 85 mm, 120 mm, and 135 mm, respectively, than control specimens of 40 mm. They [9,21] [19,27] suggest that the improvement in workability of the mixture with the increasing content of CRT glass is because the glass has a smooth surface and lower water absorption compared to sand
Summary
Over the last few years, the amount of electronic waste (e-waste), especially CRT, has been on the rise and it has become an emerging concern in many developing countries. The increasing amount of CRT’s waste has become a world concern as the mismanagement of this waste can create a serious impact on the environment It is because CRT glass consists of heavy metals, especially the high concentration of lead (Pb) metals [1,7,10]. Past studies considered the CRT glass as hazardous waste because it contains heavy metals (Pb, Ba, Sr, etc.) and the concentration of toxic elements in the leachate exceeds the allowable limit. It should not be disposed of in landfill sites without proper treatment as it has the potential to cause damage in the aspects of acidification, abiotic depletion, and global warming. The foremost objective is to review the effects of using CRT glass as a complete or partial replacement of natural sand on the properties of mortar and concrete in the aspects of workability, density, and compressive strength
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