Abstract
Stable water isotopologues, mainly 1H2O, 1H2HO (HDO), and H12O18, are useful tracers for processes in the global hydrological cycle. The incorporation of water isotopes into Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) since 1984 has helped scientists gain substantial new insights into our present and past climate. In recent years, there have been several significant advances in water isotopes modeling in AGCMs. This paper reviews and synthesizes key advances accomplished in modeling (1) surface evaporation, (2) condensation, (3) supersaturation, (4) postcondensation processes, (5) vertical distribution of water isotopes, and (6) spatial δ18O-temperature slope and utilizing (1) spectral nudging technique, (2) higher model resolutions, and (3) coupled atmosphere-ocean models. It also reviews model validation through comparisons of model outputs and ground-based and spaceborne measurements. In the end, it identifies knowledge gaps and discusses future prospects of modeling and model validation.
Highlights
Stable water isotopologues, mainly 1H2O, 1H2HO (HDO), and 1H128O, differ by their mass and molecular symmetry
In the past three decades, the incorporation of water isotopes into Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) has helped scientists gain substantial new insights into our present and past climate
In addition to model development, model validation with realworld data is of paramount importance because it ensures that what is simulated are real physical phenomena in nature, not artifacts caused by inadequate model parameterizations
Summary
There have been several significant advances in water isotopes modeling in AGCMs. This paper reviews and synthesizes key advances accomplished in modeling (1) surface evaporation, (2) condensation, (3) supersaturation, (4) postcondensation processes, (5) vertical distribution of water isotopes, and (6) spatial δ18O-temperature slope and utilizing (1) spectral nudging technique, (2) higher model resolutions, and (3) coupled atmosphereocean models. This paper reviews and synthesizes key advances accomplished in modeling (1) surface evaporation, (2) condensation, (3) supersaturation, (4) postcondensation processes, (5) vertical distribution of water isotopes, and (6) spatial δ18O-temperature slope and utilizing (1) spectral nudging technique, (2) higher model resolutions, and (3) coupled atmosphereocean models It reviews model validation through comparisons of model outputs and ground-based and spaceborne measurements. It identifies knowledge gaps and discusses future prospects of modeling and model validation
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