Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) that retain the characteristics of the SLN, improve drug stability and loading capacity, and prevent drug leakage. Polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) are an important component of drug delivery. These nanoparticles can effectively direct drug delivery to specific targets and improve drug stability and controlled drug release. Lipid–polymer nanoparticles (PLNs), a new type of carrier that combines liposomes and polymers, have been employed in recent years. These nanoparticles possess the complementary advantages of PNPs and liposomes. A PLN is composed of a core–shell structure; the polymer core provides a stable structure, and the phospholipid shell offers good biocompatibility. As such, the two components increase the drug encapsulation efficiency rate, facilitate surface modification, and prevent leakage of water-soluble drugs. Hence, we have reviewed the current state of development for the NLCs’, PNPs’, and PLNs’ structures, preparation, and applications over the past five years, to provide the basis for further study on a controlled release drug delivery system.
Highlights
Nanoparticles are colloidal particles with sizes of approximately 10–1000 nm
Drugs can be enveloped by the nIanncoopnatrrtaisctl,esnaonroasdpshoerrbestoantdheniransuocrfaapcseusl.esUsnedrveer ansordmruagl cciarrcruiemrss.taDnrcuegs,s mcaonlebceuelanrvferlaogpmedenbtys tfhroemnaennozpyamrtaictliecsdoergardadsoartbiotno athreeipr rsoudrfuacceeds.iUnnbdioerlongoicrmalaml ceidrciau,masntdantcheess,emmoolelceuculalrarfrfargamgmenetnstfsroamre enzymatic degradation are produced in biological media, and these molecular fragments are better stored when the drug is enclosed in nanocarriers
The cationic polymers, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), aggregate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that change in color from red to blue depending on the concentration of Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)
Summary
Nanoparticles are colloidal particles with sizes of approximately 10–1000 nm. These particles may be divided into nanocarriers and nanodrugs. The former is referred to as PNP, which includes polymer nanocapsules and nanospheres as well as polymeric micelles The latter is called the lipid nanoparticle, and includes nanoliposomes and NLCs. LPN is a new type of carrier developed in recent years and is a combination of liposomes and polymers. NLCs, PNPs, and LPNs have received increased attention in drug discovery and development applications These carriers can increase the drug distribution to the target organ, change the pharmacokinetic characteristics of drug carriers to enhance the therapeutic effect, and reduce adverse side effects. This review will rapidly survey the state of the art of popular nanoparticles (NLCs, PNPs, and LPNs), including their structure, preparation, and application. It will highlight the most important preparation techniques. It will give a short perspective on the major challenges of drug delivery, which is a potential field of application for LNP, to provide a theoretical background for further research
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