Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic and is a well-recognized risk factor for various gastrointestinal diseases. The prevalence of obesity is increasing across all age groups. There is an emergent need for focused guidelines aimed at reducing the incidence, prevalence, and associated risks of obesity. The impact of obesity on gastrointestinal cancers being multifactorial adversely influences the associated risk, disease course, prognosis, and overall survival. We have summarized the current literature highlighting the association between obesity and common gastrointestinal cancers, with specific focus on esophageal adenocarcinoma, colon cancer, hepatocellular cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic malignancies.
Highlights
30% of the world’s population is overweight or obese, and none of the countries in the world have been successful in reducing the obesity rates over the last 33 years [1]
This review summarizes the current literature associating obesity to gastrointestinal cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, esophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal malignancies
Mendelian randomized study analyzing 999 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 2,061 patients with Barrett’s esophagus, and 2,169 population controls demonstrated that the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and Barrett’s esophagus increased by 16% and 12% per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, respectively [6]
Summary
30% of the world’s population is overweight or obese, and none of the countries in the world have been successful in reducing the obesity rates over the last 33 years [1]. Obesity increases cancer risk, and diminishes survival of cancer patients [5]. This review summarizes the current literature associating obesity to gastrointestinal cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, esophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal malignancies. Mendelian randomized study analyzing 999 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 2,061 patients with Barrett’s esophagus, and 2,169 population controls demonstrated that the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and Barrett’s esophagus increased by 16% and 12% per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, respectively [6].
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