Abstract
The emission of CO2 and energy requirement in the production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) causes the continuous depletion of ozone layer and global warming. The introduction of geopolymer concrete (GPC) technology in the construction industry leads to sustainable development and cleaner environment by reducing environmental pollution. In this article, constituents of GPC and their influence on properties of GPC has been reviewed critically. Fresh and hardened properties of GPC as well as the factors influencing these properties are discussed in detail. Flow charts have been proposed to show which factors have higher/lower impact on the fresh and hardened properties of GPC. A comprehensive review on the mix design of GPC, nanomaterial-based GPC, 3D printing using GPC, reinforced GPC and Global warming potential (GWP) assessment was conducted. Finally, the practical applications of GPC in the construction industry are provided.
Highlights
Portland concrete is the most consumed product in the world because of its availability, versatility, low cost, and high structural performance [1]
This paper presents the inclusive investigation of geopolymer concrete (GPC) and Geopolymer mortar (GPM) along with providing critical review on different mix design procedures used for any binder-based GPC with highlighted input and output variables considered for mix design procedure
According to Reddy et al [66], the excess use of silicates in GPC inhibits the geopolymerization while the excess of hydroxides led to early and vigorous precipitation of aluminosilicate precursors hindering the further formation of geopolymeric gel [66]
Summary
Portland concrete is the most consumed product in the world because of its availability, versatility, low cost, and high structural performance [1]. According to the recent research, it was reported that CO2 reached to its highest record of 417.1 ppm and this year’s value is 2.4 ppm higher than last year value This value creates an alarming situation as increase in CO2 level impacts the environmental conditions like an increment in atmospheric temperature and pressure. Sci. 2020, 10, 7838 global housing, which encourages the researchers to develop alternative supplementary cementitious materials that partially or fully replace the cement One such alternative emerging technology in the construction industry is geopolymer concrete (GPC). This paper presents the inclusive investigation of GPC and GPM along with providing critical review on different mix design procedures used for any binder-based GPC with highlighted input and output variables considered for mix design procedure.
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