A Review of Predictors and Outcomes of Work Engagement in Nonprofit Organizations

Abstract

The study proposes a conceptual model of antecedents and consequences of work engagement in non-profit organizations (NPOs) using the job demands-resources (JD-R) model by employing an extensive literature review. For this investigation, a thorough search of the literature was done to find conceptual and empirical publications. Based on the previous literature review, there were twenty-one studies have been included. It has been discovered that personal resources, job expectations, and job resources all play a significant part in keeping NPO staff engaged. Researchers have recommended philanthropic resources as novel resources in the JD-R model since the study shows that employees in non-profit organizations (NPOs) are engaged in philanthropic activities and exhibit distinct nature of work orientation compared to the workforce in profit-oriented organizations. The study's novelty stems from introducing new variables such as service consciousness, altruism, compassion, and belief in human benevolence under philanthropic resources. Second, emotional demand is proposed as a new variable under job demand. Third, ethical and authentic leadership are offered as new variables under job resources.