A review of polydactyly and its inheritance: Connecting the dots

Abstract

This study collects what is known about the inheritance underpinnings of syndromic and non-syndromic polydactylies and highlights dactyly presentations with unknown genetic roots. This review summarizes the current information and genetics-enhanced understanding of polydactyly. There is a frequency of 0.37 to 1.2 per 1000 live births for polydactyly, which is also known as hyperdactyly. It is characterized by the presence of extra fingers. Polydactyly is caused by a failure in limb development, specifically the patterning of the developing limb bud. The phenotypic and genetic variability of polydactyly makes its etiology difficult to understand. Pre-axial polydactyly, central polydactyly (axial), and postaxial polydactyly are all examples of non-syndromic polydactyly (ulnar). An autosomal dominant disorder with varying penetrance that is mostly passed down via limb development patterning abnormalities. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE/PubMed and other databases was followed by an evaluation of the relevant papers, with a particular focus on those published between 2000 and 2022. Of 747 published article related to Polydactyly from MEDLINE/PubMed search, 43 were from the last 10 years and were the focus of this review. Polydactyly is one of the most frequent congenital hand malformations. PAP is more common than PPD, whereas central polydactyly is very uncommon.