Abstract
Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technologies have attracted a lot of attention in recent decades, and the harvesters have been applied successfully in various fields, such as buildings, biomechanical and human motions. One important challenge is that the narrow frequency bandwidth of linear energy harvesting is inadequate to adapt the ambient vibrations, which are often random and broadband. Therefore, researchers have concentrated on developing efficient energy harvesters to realize broadband energy harvesting and improve energy-harvesting efficiency. Particularly, among these approaches, different types of energy harvesters adopting magnetic force have been designed with nonlinear characteristics for effective energy harvesting. This paper aims to review the main piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technologies with magnetic coupling, and determine the potential benefits of magnetic force on energy-harvesting techniques. They are classified into five categories according to their different structural characteristics: monostable, bistable, multistable, magnetic plucking, and hybrid piezoelectric–electromagnetic energy harvesters. The operating principles and representative designs of each type are provided. Finally, a summary of practical applications is also shown. This review contributes to the widespread understanding of the role of magnetic force on piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting. It also provides a meaningful perspective on designing piezoelectric harvesters for improving energy-harvesting efficiency.
Highlights
Vibration sources can be found in different environments ranging from human motion, bridges, industrial equipment, and vehicle vibration to household appliances, etc.Energy-harvesting techniques that convert ambient vibrations into electrical energy for charging self-powered electronic devices have attracted a lot of attention over the past decade [1,2,3,4]
This review aims to classify five piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technologies with magnetic coupling and determine the potential benefits of magnetic force on energy-harvesting techniques
The results showed that the magnetic plucking was more useful to use on a piezoelectric energy harvester for MEMS
Summary
Vibration sources can be found in different environments ranging from human motion, bridges, industrial equipment, and vehicle vibration to household appliances, etc. Tang et al investigated the functionality of vibration energy harvesters using magnets Both monostable and bistable configurations introduced by magnets were discussed with various excitation levels to improve the performance of vibration energy harvesting [57]. Relative movement of the magnet in relation to the coil causes a variation magnetic flux inside the coil, and the voltage induced in the coil can be obtained by Faraday’s law This hybrid approach increases the power generation capability of the energy harvester due to the combinational piezoelectric and electromagnetic operation under the same external excitation [64,65,66]. The second to sixth sections illustrates detailed descriptions of the five types of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technologies with magnetic coupling, including monostable, bistable, multistable, magnetic plucking, and hybrid piezoelectric–electromagnetic methods. The last section summarizes this review and discusses the outlook for piezoelectric energy harvesting
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