A Review of Milk Frauds and Adulterations from a Technological Perspective

Abstract

Milk consumption has increased constantly, with milk being part of the diet of a large proportion of the global population. As a result of this growing demand, the increased competition in the dairy market, and the increasing complexity of the supply chain, the producers in the sector of milk and dairy products resort to technological fraud, which is considered to be a predominant problem in countries without specific legislation. Therefore, further research is required to educate the public about fraud or carelessness in milk production. Over time, as counterfeiting methods have become more complex, detection techniques have had to be developed in the same sequence. This paper aims to review the main adulterants, the counterfeiting techniques, and various methods of detecting counterfeiting.