Abstract
This article aims to provide detailed information on Malaysian plants used for treating inflammation. An extensive search on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect and conference papers was done to find relevant articles on anti-inflammatory activity of Malaysian medicinal plants. The keyword search terms used were “inflammation,” “Malaysia,” “medicinal plants,” “mechanisms,” “in vitro,” and “in vivo.” As a result, 96 articles on anti-inflammatory activity of Malaysian medicinal plants were found and further reviewed. Forty-six (46) plants (in vitro) and 30 plants (in vivo) have been identified to possess anti-inflammatory activity where two plants, Melicope ptelefolia (Tenggek burung) and Portulaca oleracea (Gelang pasir), were reported to have the strongest anti-inflammatory activity of more than 90% at a concentration of 250 µg/ml. It was showed that the activity was mainly due to the occurrence of diverse naturally occurring phytochemicals from diverse groups such as flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids, benzophenone, triterpenoids, curcuminoids, and cinnamic acid. Hence, this current review is a detailed discussion on the potential of Malaysian medicinal plants as an anti-inflammatory agent from the previous studies. However, further investigation on the possible underlying mechanisms and isolation of active compounds still remains to be investigated.
Highlights
A primary physiologic defence mechanism known as inflammation helps to protect the body from noxious stimuli, resulting in the swelling or edema of tissues, pain, or even cell damage. e main purpose of this mechanism is to repair and return the damaged tissue to the healthy state [1]. e increase in size of the vessels only occurs around the inflammatory loci during the early stages of inflammation, but after 24 hours, many kinds of cells reach neutrophils, followed by macrophages within 48 hours and lymphocytes after several days [1]
Malaysia is known as a country that is rich in the medicinal plant species
It was found that the results of antiinflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Melicope ptelefolia (Tenggek burung) varied between two previous studies due to the different types of assays used by both studies: nitric oxide inhibition and soybean 15-lipoxygenase inhibition assays with the values of 95% and 72.3%, respectively [13, 45]
Summary
A primary physiologic defence mechanism known as inflammation helps to protect the body from noxious stimuli, resulting in the swelling or edema of tissues, pain, or even cell damage. e main purpose of this mechanism is to repair and return the damaged tissue to the healthy state [1]. e increase in size of the vessels only occurs around the inflammatory loci (i.e., neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) during the early stages of inflammation, but after 24 hours, many kinds of cells reach neutrophils, followed by macrophages within 48 hours and lymphocytes after several days [1]. 250 and 500 mg/kg reduction in carrageenanWistar rats and albino mice induced paw edema with highest inhibition (90.91%) in the Physalis minima methanol extract
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