Abstract
It is expected that distribution power systems will soon be able to connect a variety of microgrids from residential, commercial, and industrial users, and thus integrate a variety of distributed generation technologies, mainly renewable energy sources to supply their demands. Indeed, some authors affirm that distribution networks will propose significant changes as a consequence of this massive integration of microgrids at the distribution level. Under this scenario, the control of distributed generation inverters, demand management systems, renewable resource forecasting, and demand predictions will allow better integration of such microgrid clusters to decongest power systems. This paper presents a review of microgrids connected at distribution networks and the solutions that facilitate their integration into such distribution network level, such as demand management systems, renewable resource forecasting, and demand predictions. Recent contributions focused on the application of microgrids in Low-Voltage distribution networks are also analyzed and reviewed in detail. In addition, this paper provides a critical review of the most relevant challenges currently facing electrical distribution networks, with an explicit focus on the massive interconnection of electrical microgrids and the future with relevant renewable energy source integration.
Highlights
A microgrid (MG) is a small-scale electrical energy network characterized by distributed generation (DG), such as photovoltaic (PV) solar panels [1], wind turbines (WT), heat and power generators (CHP), and other components of control units, manageable loads, and storage units [2]
The integration of microgrids has increased considerably due to end-users at distribution networks using Low-Voltage renewable generation as a way to manage their demand and significantly reduce their energy bills
The power distribution systems are undergoing a process of transition from passive electrical networks to active networks
Summary
A microgrid (MG) is a small-scale electrical energy network characterized by distributed generation (DG), such as photovoltaic (PV) solar panels [1], wind turbines (WT), heat and power generators (CHP), and other components of control units, manageable loads, and storage units [2]. To achieve a suitable integration between renewable energy technologies and energy storage systems (ESS), it is necessary to include energy management schemes (EMS) that allow strategies for avoiding inappropriate costs in an MG. Both RE and ESS play an essential role in the costs of implementing a microgrid [3]. The MG is disconnected from the corresponding power system, maintaining quality energy services to some critical loads with demand management and control It can forecast available generation resources and propose some demand response strategies
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