Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) can be seen as a disruptive process that builds complex components layer upon layer. Two of its distinct technologies are Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), which are powder bed fusion processes that create metallic parts with the aid of a beam source. One of the most studied and manufactured superalloys in metal AM is the Ti–6Al–4V, which can be applied in the aerospace field due to its low density and high melting point, and in the biomedical area owing to its high corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility when in contact with tissues or bones of the human body. The research novelty of this work is the aggregation of all kinds of data from the last 20 years of investigation about Ti–6Al–4V parts manufactured via SLM and EBM, namely information related to residual stresses (RS), as well as the influence played by different heat treatments in reducing porosity and increasing mechanical properties. Throughout the report, it can be seen that the expected microstructure of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy is different in both manufacturing processes, mainly due to the distinct cooling rates. However, heat treatments can modify the microstructure, reduce RS, and increase the ductility, fatigue life, and hardness of the components. Furthermore, distinct post-treatments can induce compressive RS on the part’s surface, consequently enhancing the fatigue life.

Highlights

  • Additive manufacturing (AM), known by many as three-dimensional printing (3DP), was born in 1981 through Hideo Kodama [1] and can be described, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 52900-15 standard [2], as a manufacturing process that creates 3D objects from scratch, typically layer after layer

  • The research novelty of this work is the aggregation of all kinds of information from the last 20 years of research about the Ti–6Al–4V alloy in a structured way, namely information related to residual stresses, as well as the influence played by different heat treatments in reducing porosity, increasing mechanical properties, and the stress relief of additive manufactured components

  • The authors strongly authors tried to analyze the amount of information available on the ScienceDirect platform in order believe that the compilation of the aforementioned data is essential because it allows understanding the to get a general idea of the number of articles published on this topic

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Summary

Introduction

Additive manufacturing (AM), known by many as three-dimensional printing (3DP), was born in 1981 through Hideo Kodama [1] and can be described, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 52900-15 standard [2], as a manufacturing process that creates 3D objects from scratch, typically layer after layer. The research novelty of this work is the aggregation of all kinds of information from the last 20 years of research about the Ti–6Al–4V alloy in a structured way, namely information related to residual stresses, as well as the influence played by different heat treatments in reducing porosity, increasing mechanical properties, and the stress relief of additive manufactured components. The methodology followed in this article started with the selection of the theme, which is heat stresses, as well as the influence played by different heat treatments in reducing porosity, increasing treatments and residual stresses on metal powder bed fusion Ti–6Al–4V parts In this way, the mechanical properties, and the stress relief of additive manufactured components. Total Articles: 537 from [36], with permission of Elsevier, 1996

Methodology
Literature Review
Characteristic microstructure
Heat Treatments
Residual Stresses
13. Transmission
Findings
Concluding

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