Abstract
Abstract The study examines the methods for producing hydrogen using solar energy as a catalyst. The two commonly recognised categories of processes are direct and indirect. Due to the indirect processes low efficiency, excessive heat dissipation, and dearth of readily available heat-resistant materials, they are ranked lower than the direct procedures despite the direct procedures superior thermal performance. Electrolysis, bio photosynthesis, and thermoelectric photodegradation are a few examples of indirect approaches. It appears that indirect approaches have certain advantages. The heterogeneous photocatalytic process minimises the quantity of emissions released into the environment; thermochemical reactions stand out for having low energy requirements due to the high temperatures generated; and electrolysis is efficient while having very little pollution created. Electrolysis has the highest exergy and energy efficiency when compared to other methods of creating hydrogen, according to the evaluation.
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