A Review of Factors for Successful Childbirth and Return to Sport for Female Elite Athletes

Abstract

An increasing number of elite athletes who experience pregnancy and childbirth during their careers and subsequently return to competitive sports is steadily increasing. While general guidelines for physical activity during and after pregnancy exist for the nonathletes and recreational athletes, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for high level competitive athletes. As a result, athletes often return to training without adequate support, and some may even choose to give up pregnancy and parenthood. This review aims to examine the factors that influence the healthy pregnancy and successful return to elite sport among female athletes, based on the experiences of those who have navigated this transition successfully and the research in this area. The studies included in this review emphasize the need for an inclusive sports environment, open and supportive systems, and institutional changes and academic research to enable informed decision-making for pregnant and parenting elite athletes. To ensure sufficient recovery time for elite athletes after childbirth and to develop evidence-based return-to-sport programs, as well as provide clear policies and practices for financial and social support, including childcare, collaboration and support from national governments, sports organizations, and associations is crucial.