A Review of Elemental Mass Origin and Fundamental Forces Unification for Nuclear and Aerospace Industries

Abrar Hussain,Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas

doi:10.53964/jmn.2021002

Abstract

The current study explored the implementation of the Standard Model theoretically on the atomic elements of the periodic table. Theoretically, the pure elemental mass was probed first time from the perspectives of elemental mass origin and forces unification. In-depth elemental analyses will have vital applications in nuclear, aerospace, electronics, semiconductor, and defense industries. The literature deals with elemental materials mass origin. Elemental mass origin and fundamental forces unification are unresolved concepts of the twenty first century. In this study, the Standard Model was used to describe the mass origin and forces unification. The traditional and modern quantum literature review proved that elemental mass originates from higgs field and higgs bosons. Higgs bosons, leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons interact and mediate through higgs field, bosons, photons, and gluons to transfer and gain mass. Moreover, higgs bosons, photons, gauge bosons and gluons interact through gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces. In conclusion, at the minimum energy level, the forces unification (interactions) causes the atom formation (elemental mass origin). Shortly, forces unification and elemental mass origin demonstrate great potential in their applications in medical, semiconductor, defense, and nuclear industries.

Highlights

Materials mass with its related interactions is a complex and intricate concept of 21st century[1]
The current study explored the implementation of the Standard Model theoretically on the atomic elements of the periodic table
The traditional and modern quantum literature review proved that elemental mass originates from higgs field and higgs bosons

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Materials mass with its related interactions is a complex and intricate concept of 21st century[1]. Atomic structure of materials was delineated using distinct atomic models[2], which included Dalton model, Thomson model, Lewis model, Rutherford model, Bohr model, and electron cloud model[3,4,5,6,7]. The studies of these models have solitarily elucidated atomic structure and fundamental atomic particles[8]. The Standard Atomic Model was applied to demonstrate materials (elements) mass origin The elementary particles, such as quarks, leptons, gluons, photons, bosons and higgs bosons, and their fundamental interactions are manifested for elemental mass origin and forces unification

STANDARD ATOMIC STRUCTURE

STANDARD MODEL AND NEW PARTICLES DISCOVERIES

FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS AND ELEMENTAL MASS

ELEMENTAL MASS ORIGIN AND FORCE UNIFICATION

Findings

CONCLUSION