Abstract
Tobacco is the only legal drug, killing many of tobacco users when used exactly as intended by its manufacturers. According to the report of World Health Organization, tobacco use including smoking and smokeless is currently responsible for about six million deaths across the world each year [1]. This figure includes about 600,000 people who may die from the effects of secondhand smoke. Tobacco smoking has been proved associated with ill health, disability and death from non-communicable chronic diseases. However, it also leads to an increased risk of death from communicable diseases. Thus, tobacco use is still one of the biggest preventable causes of diseases and premature deaths until now. Although smoking rates fell in the higher income countries during the 1970s and 1980s, evidence shows that this trend is levelling out [2].
Highlights
Tobacco is the only legal drug, killing many of tobacco users when used exactly as intended by its manufacturers
Result: Independent variables educed from smoking status are most widely used in previous studies since the smoking status, such as smoking or not and smoking cessation or not, is easy to be collected accurately
Smoking amount is usually used to distinguish the level of smoking, that is, how heavy are smokers’ smoking behaviors
Summary
Review the tobacco smoking related studies according to the independent variables used. Method: We searched the academic literatures for this review according to the different independent variables which are binary variables of smoking status, multivariate variables of smoking status, smoking amount and others including duration of smoking cessation, age at starting smoking and tobacco types
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