A review of Adrian Wanner. 2020. The Bilingual Muse: Self-Translation among Russian Poets. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

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SEER, 91, 4, OCTOBER 2013 872 which drew principally on the notion of ethnicity. As Kamusella illustrates, the Slovak route to self-realization was made more problematic by the historical subordination of Slovak speakers to Hungary and by Slovakia’s complex asymmetrical relationship with the Czech-speaking lands. The comparatively short conclusion (pp. 905–55) serves primarily to summarize the most important themes of parts one and two of the main body of the text. For some readers, this section alone may offer a useful digest of the material that they require. Most others will probably want to pick through the rest of the study for strands relating to their own specialisms, rather than read the book from cover to cover. The sheer scope and length of this volume may sometimes render it difficult for readers to pursue more narrowly defined areas of interest, but this fact does not in any way detract from the overall merits of Kamusella’s scholarship. His exhaustive empirical study is an invaluable reference source for linguists, historians and political scientists, and complements other more theoretical contributions to the field. It is to be hoped that the publication will appear in further paperback editions (perhaps with some minor modifications), and that it may eventually be made available in languages other than English. University of Wolverhampton Tom Dickins Ewington, Amanda. A Voltaire for Russia: A. P. Sumarokov’s Journey from PoetCritic to Russian Philosophe. Studies in Russian Literature and Theory. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, IL, 2010. xiv + 260 pp. Notes. Appendices. Selected bibliography. Index. $79.95. A reader’s first reaction to the title of Dr Ewington’s book on the eighteenthcentury Russian poet and dramatist A. P. Sumarokov, A Voltaire for Russia is likely to be one of incredulity. Can it really be argued that Sumarokov’s literary and dramatic writings are comparable to the collected works of Voltaire in qualityofcontent,rangeofgenresandsubject-matter,oreveninsheerquantity? Nor is its sub-title, ‘A. P. Sumarokov’s Journey from Poet-Critic to Russian Philosophe’, more plausible. Where is the evidence for such an evolution in Sumarokov’s authorial personality? However, it is a measure of Dr Ewington’s skill in presenting and interpreting her evidence that by the end of her book she will probably have won round most of her readers. The factual background is not promising. Although Sumarokov and Voltaire died within a year of one another, they did not actually meet: Sumarokov never went to France or Switzerland, and Voltaire never travelled to St Petersburg. Nor did they compensate for this lack of physical contact by a long and intimate correspondence. There was only a single exchange of letters, which took place between the end of 1768 and early 1769, and only Voltaire’s side of it exists. The letter with which Sumarokov initiated the exchange and which he entrusted REVIEWS 873 to Prince F. A. Kozlovskii to deliver to Ferney has not survived (pp. 47–51). However, Voltaire’s reply of 26 February 1769 was all that Sumarokov could have hoped for, and for the rest of his life he used it to validate his claim to preeminence among his fellow Russian poets and dramatists. The key sentences in Voltaire’s answer were: ‘Your letter and your works are a great proof that genius and taste belong to every country. […] I am proud to say, Monsieur, that I am of your opinion in everything. […] I have the honour of being, with the infinite esteem that I owe you […] Your most humble and very obedient servant Voltaire.’ The force of Voltaire’s encomium of Sumarokov was, however, impaired by his confession that he knew ‘not a word’ of Russian (pp. 157–58). A full introduction relates the facts of Sumarokov’s biography and traces the vicissitudes of his reputation both during his life-time, then posthumously up to the 1850s and, after a long interval during which he was ignored, into the Soviet period. His Voltaireanism, not remarked upon by his contemporaries, was identified by Karamzin in his Panteon rossiiskikh avtorov (1802): ‘Like Voltaire he wanted to shine in many genres, and contemporaries called him our Racine, Molière, La Fontaine, and Boileau’ (p. 24). Subsequently...

The chapter draws on the writings of Merleau-Ponty constituting an Embodiment Theory of Art, which he uses to support his embodiment theory of perception (Haworth JT, The embodiment theory of pre-reflexive thought and creativity. In: Gilhooly KJ, Keane MTG, Logie RH, Erdos G (eds) Lines of thinking, vol 2. Wiley, Chichester, 1990, Leonardo 30(2):137–145, 1997). This views the artwork as “enriched being” in its own right, as distinct from an analogue for an external truth or essence, as traditional aesthetic theory claims. It proposes that this enriched being is not produced primarily by intentional acts, the traditional view, but by the reciprocal influence of consciousness, the body, techniques and materials. It “gives visible existence to what profane vision believes to be invisible” (Merleau-Ponty M, Eye and mind. In: Eddie JM (ed) The primacy of perception. North Western University Press, Evanston, p 166, 1964a). Merleau-Ponty (Eye and mind. In: Eddie JM (ed) The primacy of perception. North Western University Press, Evanston, 1964a) drew on the writings of modern artists and concluded that the painter’s vision is not a view on the outside, but a concentration or coming to itself of the visible (p. 181). He considered that works of art contain matrices of ideas that have their origins in embodiment (Merleau-Pony M, Indirect language and the voices of silence. In Wild J (ed) Signs. North Western University Press, Evanston, p 77, 1964b). He also claimed “that modes of thought correspond to technical methods, and that to use Goethe’s phrase ‘what is inside is also outside’” (Sense and Nonsense 1964c, p 59). As Merleau-Ponty indicates, we do not see the world, but see with the world. In artistic terms different media with which we interact have different voices which play a part in the creation of enriched being, perception and consciousness. The chapter will present conclusions from research conversations undertaken by Haworth (Leonardo 30(2):137–145, 1997) using the perspectives of Merleau-Ponty, held with internationally famous artists in order to gain further insights into the creative process. The chapter will summarise and discuss findings from practice led research by the author, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Board in the UK, into Creativity and Embodied Mind in Digital Fine Art; and Freedom and Constraints in the Creative Process (Haworth JT, Explorations in creativity, technology and embodied mind. In: Freire T (ed) Understanding positive life: research and practice on positive psychology. Escolar Editora, Lisboa, pp 429–444, 2010a). Several examples of recent work in digital fine art by the author will be presented and discussed, focusing on the creative process. Comments will be noted from an international study of digital artists (Thompson P, Born digital-new materialities. Robert Gordon University, Gray’s School of Art, Aberdeen, 2011). The chapter will summarise and discuss an innovative photoethnographic project by the author into ‘The Way We Are Now’, and ‘A day in the life of----’. The possibilities of interpretation of this visual methodology are considered to be “an artistic object for contemplation; as individual visual profiles for comparative research; or as analysis of themes across a group of individuals, and between groups” (Haworth JT, Explorations in creativity, technology and embodied mind. In: Freire T (ed) Understanding positive life: research and practice on positive psychology. Escolar Editora, Lisboa, pp 429–444, 2010a). The ESM method with photos can also stimulate reflection and change in perceptions. The method can break the mould of looking/ perceiving. It can open up opportunities/possibilities for new ways of seeing things, and introduce a new train of imagination. The method could be used to create a global mirror of consciousness. The chapter will conclude by discussing future directions for research and practice.

Sofia Petrovna. By Lidia Chukovskaia. Translated by Aline Worth. Revised and amended by Eliza Kellog Klose. Evanston, 111.: Northwestern University Press, 1988. 120 pp. $9.95, paper. - To The Memory Of Childhood. By Lidia Chukovskaia. Translated by Eliza Kellog Klose. Evanston, 111.: Northwestern University Press, 1988. 168 pp. Photographs. 9.95, paper. - Volume 49 Issue 1

Review: Archaeological Approaches to Population Inference - Hopewell in the Lower Illinois Valley: A Regional Study of Human Biological and Prehistoric Mortuary Behavior. Jane Buikstra. Northwestern Archeological Program Scientific Papers, Vol. 2, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, 1976. xi + 90 pp., illus. - The Middle Woodland Population of the Lower Illinois Valley: A Study in Paleodemographic Methods. David Asch. Northwestern Archeological Program Scientific Papers, Vol. 1, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, 1976. xi + 99 pp., illus. - The Food Crisis in Prehistory: Overpopulation and the Origins of Agriculture. Mark Nathan Cohen. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1977. x + 341 pp. $15.00. - Volume 43 Issue 4

Grant, Lee, Lincoln and the Radicals: Essays on Civil War Leadership. By Bruce Catton et al. Edited by Grady McWhiney. ([Evanston, Ill.:] Northwestern University Press. 1964. Pp. vi, 117. $3.95.) Get access Grant, Lee, Lincoln and the Radicals: Essays on Civil War Leadership. By Catton Bruceet al. Edited by McWhiney Grady. ([Evanston, Ill.:] Northwestern University Press. 1964. Pp. vi, 117. $3.95.) Don E. Fehrenbacher Don E. Fehrenbacher Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 70, Issue 4, July 1965, Pages 1134–1135, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/70.4.1134 Published: 01 July 1965

Two Bibliographies - A Bibliography of Modern African Religious Movements. By Robert C. Mitchell and Harold W. Turner. Northwestern University Press, 1966. Pp. 132. Paper covers. 3.75. - Volume 9 Issue 1

The aim of this paper is to examine Merleau-Ponty’s idea of a “psychoanalysis of Nature” (Merleau-Ponty in The visible and the invisible. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, 1968). My thesis is that in order to understand the creation of a Merleau-Pontean psychoanalysis (together with the role the unconscious plays in this psychoanalysis), we need to ultimately understand the place of Schelling in Merleau-Ponty’s late thought. Through his dialogue with Schelling, Merleau-Ponty will be able to formulate not only a psychoanalysis of Nature, but also fulfil the ultimate task of phenomenology itself; namely, of identifying “what resists phenomenology—natural being, the ‘barbarous’ source Schelling spoke of” and situating it precisely at the heart of phenomenology (Merleau-Ponty in Signs. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, p 178, 1964b). The plan for studying this natural psychoanalysis is threefold. First, I provide an overview of the role psychoanalysis plays in the 1951 lecture, “Man and Adversity,” focusing especially on this lecture as a turning point in his thinking. Second, I chart how Merleau-Ponty’s psychoanalysis is informed by the various ways in which the unconscious is formulated in his thought, leading eventually to a dialogue with Schelling. Accordingly, in the final part of the paper, I trace the role of Schelling’s thought in the creation of a Merleau-Pontean psychoanalysis. As I argue, what distinguishes this psychoanalysis is the centrality of Schelling’s idea of the “barbaric principle,” which manifests itself as the notion of an unconscious indexing an “excess of Being” resistant to classical phenomenology (Merleau-Ponty in Nature: course notes from the college de France. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, p 38, 2003).

The Literary Work of Art: an Investigation on the Borderlines of Ontology, Logic, and Theory of Literature. By Roman Ingarden. Translated by G. G. Grabowicz. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973. Pp. lxxiii, 415, 15. - Roman Ingarden and Contemporary Polish Aesthetics: Essays. Edited by P. Graff and S. Krzemién-Ojak. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers, 1975. Pp. 267. - Volume 15 Issue 3

Merleau-Ponty and the Nature of Philosophy

Harold F. Williamson and Payson S. Wild. North-western University: A History, 1850–1975. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 1976. Pp. xiii, 403. $12.50 Get access williamson harold f. and Wild Payson S.. North-western University: A History, 1850–1975. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 1976. Pp. xiii, 403. $12.50. Cedric Cummins Cedric Cummins University of South Dakota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 82, Issue 4, October 1977, Page 1088, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/82.4.1088 Published: 01 October 1977

Irwin H. Polishook. Rhode Island and the Union, 1774–1795. (Northwestern University Studies in History, Number 5.) Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 1969. Pp. x, 268. $8.50 Get access Polishook Irwin H.. Rhode Island and the Union, 1774–1795. (Northwestern University Studies in History, Number 5.) Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 1969. Pp. x, 268. $8.50. Robert A. Feer Robert A. Feer Northeastern University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 76, Issue 1, February 1971, Pages 188–189, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/76.1.188 Published: 01 February 1971

Postmodern procedural poetry has received quite a bit of attention in the last several years. In her book Differentials: Poetry, Poetics, Pedagogy (2004), Marjorie Perloff devotes a chapter to the ...

Hans-Georg Dadamer and the Anamnetic Character of Truth

The “hermeneutics of suspicion,” which has emerged in recent times as a lens for examining historical texts, is a hermeneutic which involves a fundamental philosophical reorientation. See Richard E. Palmer, Hermeneutics: Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, and Gadamer (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1969); Paul Ricœur, The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics (ed. Don Ihde; Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974); Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method (translation edited by Garrett Barden and John Cumming; New York: Seabury Press, 1975). Consciousness, which was once considered to be perceptually transparent in a Cartesian manner and linguistically transparent in a Wittgensteinian way, is now considered to consist primarily of the relationship between the hidden and the shown, between what is concealed and what is revealed. Rowan Williams, “The Suspicion of Suspicion: Wittgenstein and Bonhoeffer,” The Grammar of the Heart (ed. Richard H. Bell; San Francisco: Harper & Row Publishers, 1988) 36–53. Consciousness therefore needs decoding, and so also the texts which embody it. This understanding of consciousness is the fundamental assumption underlying the “hermeneutics of suspicion” as it was espoused by Paul Ricoeur, who referred repeatedly to the three “masters of suspicion”: Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Sigmund Freud. Paul Ricœur, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay in Interpretation (trans. Denis Savage; New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1970) 32. While these three might appear “seemingly mutually exclusive,” Ibid. for all three “the fundamental category of consciousness is the relation of hidden-shown or, if you prefer, simulated-manifested.” Ibid., 33–34. I leave it to the reader to decide whether Michel Foucault and Edward Said should now be incuded in this list. The case for Rene Descartes is less clear. See Genevieve Rodis-Lewis, Descartes: His Life and Thought (trans. Jane Marie Todd; Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998) 79–81. The basic hermeneutical implication of their thought points in the same direction—a text may not be taken at its face value, indeed the face of a text may be no more than a mask which conceals underlying socio-economic, political, and psychological realities in such a way as to obscure them, or render them more palatable, if not more acceptable.