A review and comparative analysis of effectively functionalized eco-friendly and biodegradable nanoparticle based additives for drilling muds

Abstract

The study demonstrates a comparative analysis of various organic waste additives used in drilling mud(s) (DM). The requirement for organic additives arises from the fact that these are biodegradable and safe for the environment compared to other conventional chemical additives. Among the available options as per suitability, it was found that mandarin peel powder (MPP) and nano-silica additives benefit high plastic viscosity requirements. Bentonite, barite, and nano-silica additives are great for high yield strength. Gel strength is augmented by sodium bentonite (nano-clay), and silica nano-particles polyanionic cellulose (PAC) effectively control fluid loss. The nano-silicon, nano-copper, and MPP reduce filter cake thickness while the grass powder and wheat husk keep fluid in suitable pH and alkalinity range. Therefore, eco-friendly and biodegradable nanoparticle based additives are recommended as per the requirement of drilling conditions. As a consequence, this paper aims to compile the theoretical and experimental findings published by various researchers on eco-friendly drilling fluid additives that can replace or at least reduce the usages of costly and unsafe chemicals in oil & gas drillings.