Abstract
The scholarly literature on the links between Artificial Intelligence and the United Nationsâ Sustainable Development Goals is burgeoning as climate change and the biotic crisis leading to mass extinction of species are raising concerns across the globe. With a focus on Sustainable Development Goals 14 (Life below Water) and 15 (Life on Land), this paper explores the opportunities of Artificial Intelligence applications in various domains of wildlife, ocean and land conservation. For this purpose, we develop a conceptual framework on the basis of a comprehensive review of the literature and examples of Artificial Intelligence-based approaches to protect endangered species, monitor and predict animal behavior patterns, and track illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade. Our findings provide scholars, governments, environmental organizations, and entrepreneurs with a much-needed taxonomy and real-life examples of Artificial Intelligence opportunities for tackling the grand challenge of rapidly decreasing biological diversity, which has severe implications for global food security, nature, and humanity.
Highlights
Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and supporting digital technologies have opened the door to the application of AI-enabled systems to tackle global challenges
Drawing from these recent examples of applications of AI and AI-driven robotics to various domains of wildlife and land conservations under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 14 and 15, we turn to the development of a conceptual framework to categorize these AI applications and opportunities with a view to portray the state of advancement of AI to contribute to SDGs
This study addressed the need for a better understanding of the evolving field of AI-enabled systems to contribute to the achievements of SDGs, with a direct focus on selected targets of SDGs 14, Life below Water, and SDG 15, Life on Land
Summary
Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and supporting digital technologies have opened the door to the application of AI-enabled systems to tackle global challenges. AI holds great promise to accelerate many of the United Nationsâ Sustainable Development Goals [1,2]. The agenda encompasses 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 targets to end poverty and hunger, and strategies to improve health, education, spur economic growth, while tackling climate change and preserving oceans and forests [3] in all countries, regardless of their actual development status [4]. Of significant concern though are goals where progress is more challenging due to complex systemic global issues such as climate change, ocean health, and biodiversity loss, and for which time to address them is running out [5]
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