Abstract
In recent years, the problem of heavy metal pollution has become increasingly prominent, so it is urgent to develop new heavy metal adsorption materials. Compared with many adsorbents, the polyamide-amine dendrimers (PAMAMs) have attracted extensive attention of researchers due to its advantages of macro-molecular cavity, abundant surface functional groups, non-toxicity, high efficiency and easy modification. But in fact, it is not very suitable as an adsorbent because of its solubility and difficulty in separation, which also limits its application in environmental remediation. Therefore, in order to make up for the shortcomings of this material to a certain extent, the synthesis and development of polymer composite materials based on PAMAMs are increasingly prominent in the direction of solving heavy metal pollution. In this paper, the application of composites based on PAMAMs and inorganic or organic components in the adsorption of heavy metal ions is reviewed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of PAMAMs composites for removal of heavy metal ions in water environment are discussed.
Highlights
With the rapid development of electroplating, metallurgy, mining, textile leather industry and urbanization, a large number of heavy metal ions such as Pb2+ As2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, and Hg2+ are being discharged into the aquatic environment via natural environment and man-made means, which contain toxic heavy metal ions, and radioactive elements (Ma et al, 2017a; Luo et al, 2017; Ling et al, 2020; Surgutskaia et al, 2020)
The preparation of the composites based on PAMAMs and inorganic functional components or organic functional groups and their application to the adsorption of heavy metals are reviewed in detail
Ma et al (2009) synthesized the ester and amino-terminated chitosan of dendritic PAMAMs polymer (CTS-1.0–3.0) by divergent method and studied the adsorption behavior of Hg (II) on the adsorbent in their previous work, they studied the competitive adsorption of different heavy metals (Au3+, Pt4+, Pd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+) on similar compounds, and the results showed that the adsorption capacity of Au3+ and Hg2+ was stronger than that of other metal ions (Qu et al, 2008b)
Summary
Key Laboratory of Mineral Cleaner Production and Exploit of Green Functional Materials in Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, China. The polyamide-amine dendrimers (PAMAMs) have attracted extensive attention of researchers due to its advantages of macro-molecular cavity, abundant surface functional groups, non-toxicity, high efficiency and easy modification. It is not very suitable as an adsorbent because of its solubility and difficulty in separation, which limits its application in environmental remediation. In order to make up for the shortcomings of this material to a certain extent, the synthesis and development of polymer composite materials based on PAMAMs are increasingly prominent in the direction of solving heavy metal pollution. The prospects and challenges of PAMAMs composites for removal of heavy metal ions in water environment are discussed
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