A Retrospective CBCT Survey on Severity and Pattern of Alveolar Bone Loss Among a Selected Sample in the City of Sulaimani,Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, distribution, and pattern of bone loss by using Cone beam Computed Tomography in relation to age and sex. 
 Methods: The severity and pattern of bone loss were evaluated on four sites of teeth. The severity and pattern were measured on proximal aspects, estimated by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the remaining alveolar bone crest subtract 2mm. Furcation defect was determined and recorded as presence and absence, and the sample was divided into seven age groups from (18 –70 years). 
 Results: 212 well-defined CBCT for 76 males, 136 females with a mean population age of 40.4 ±13.3. Height of bone inspected on 20620 sites; the study sample included 781 missing teeth with a mean of 3.68 ±4.53. The total population bone loss prevalence was 7.6 %,with a mean amount of 1.54 ± 1.48 mm. The highest frequency of bone loss was at distal surfaces and mesial surfaces for lower-mid sextant with higher frequency for horizontal rather than vertical patterns. A highly significant difference in the severity of bone loss was recorded between younger and older age groups. The highest amount of bone loss was for the buccal aspects of mandibular left sextant followed by mid and right sextant, 4.27± mm, 3.92± mm and 3.75± mm respectively, with no significant differences between male and female (P>0.05) (1.65±1.57 mm and1.48±1.44 mm). 
 Conclusions: CBCT can be utilized as a helpful radiographic tool to interpret the amount, pattern, and distribution of periodontal bone loss and detection of furcation defects.