Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid scheme of Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) for electric vehicles EV(s) is proposed to resolve this issue in a network topological infrastructure. The proposed hybrid scheme uses different parameters to allow DWC in EVs. The network infrastructure was established through an enhanced destination sequential distance vector (Enhanced-DSDV) protocol for participating EVs. The DWC charge between paired EV(s) was enabled by magnetic coupling, where the Charge State Estimator (CSE) was used as an unsupervised machine learning technique to learn the current charging status of each EV. Similarly, the captured data of CSE is shared via embedded wireless nodes in the network following enhanced-DSDV routing protocol. Moreover, the proposed model enables each participating EV to transfer charge to another EV participating in the network in DWC environment. To allow, the drivers to monitor the participating EVs in close proximity with their current charge status, location, and distance information, we have have used a dashboard screen in each EV. In addition, each EV uses a generator to produce a magnetic field for magnetic coupling between paired EV(s) to exchange power in wireless environment. The feasibility of the proposed model was thoroughly examined in the real environment of DWC. The results show that the proposed scheme is reliable in terms of DWC in both static and dynamic. Moreover, the enhanced-DSDV routing protocol performed significantly well than existing schemes particularly in terms of throughput, packet lost ratio and latency.
Highlights
Electric are gaining popularity in the recent past, due to the environmental change and energy crisis in the world, as an alternative source of transportation
The unsupervised machine learning technique used to monitor the critical aspects of charging modules in coordination with Charge State Estimator (CSE), sensor nodes, and enhanced-DSDV routing protocol
The current status of current was continuously observed from both EV(s) dashboard screen to verify the accuracy of the proposed model with CSE and enhanced-DSDV routing protocol information
Summary
Electric are gaining popularity in the recent past, due to the environmental change and energy crisis in the world, as an alternative source of transportation. Developed countries in the world such as China, United Kingdom, and USA take initiatives to resolve the energy crisis in the world with an alternative technology [1]. The newly adopted automobile industry of EV(s) will have remarkable energy saving capabilities as discussed in the article [2]. To design new improved techniques for EV(s) charging are greatly emphasized on the management of different electrical machines, such as induction machine, magnet synchronous machine and switch reluctance machines [3], [4]. Reference [5] discussed the issues associated with EV(s) grid connectivity during charge transfer.
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