Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia causes cardiovascular disease which is a disorder of the heart and blood vessels, one of the most significant causes of death in the world, and this needs to be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring blood cholesterol levels is using invasive technique by collecting blood samples. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol levels that can be done without collecting blood samples. This study aims to develop a non- invasive technique for monitoring blood cholesterol levels using sensors utilizing infrared light absorption in body tissues, in order to simplify measuring blood cholesterol levels regularly for patients with hypercholesterolemia. The application of a non-invasive technique focused on developing a total blood cholesterol monitoring device using an infrared sensor with IR LED - 940nm wavelength as a transmitter. A photodiode was used as a detector with the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm and a microcontroller as the minimum system for controlling the value of the output voltage in the form of digital data and then converted onto total blood cholesterol. The measurement results using non-invasive technique was compared to the results using invasive technique.
Highlights
The development of science in field of health is very rapid, many studies have explained the correlation between the increase of blood cholesterol levels and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis and hypertension.[1, 2]
The near infrared sensors (NIR) sensor output voltage has not been linear with blood cholesterol values measured with invasive techniques
Factors influencing the measurement result include the inconsistent of sensor installation, the possibility of other light received by the photodiode producing impure light reflection and the thickness of the skin affecting the absorption of light in the finger tissue
Summary
In 2012, there were 17.5 million deaths and it was predicted to increase up to 23.4 million in 2030 [3, 4], 80% will be caused by heart attacks and strokes, and more than 75% will occur in low and middle income countries. Measurement of total blood cholesterol uses a near-infrared sensor [4, 8], using a smart phone camera as a scanner to scan a blood sample in a container to determine total blood cholesterol [9]. This non-invasive method has attracted attention because it is easy to use and inexpensive. There are many individuals who do not pay attention to their cholesterol levels because invasive blood cholesterol monitoring is quite expensive
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