Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a common cause of diarrheal illness in regions with limited resources. The demand for rapid and cost-effective detection and genotyping methods in large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical diagnostics is imperative. Hence, we developed a multiplex PCR-RFLP technique targeting the tpi gene of G. duodenalis. The assay successfully screened G. duodenalis positive clinical samples (6.33%; 36/565). It was also able to categorize the isolates into assemblages A (41.66%; 13/36) and B (58.33%; 23/36), as well as into subassemblages: AI (13.8%; 5/36), AII (27.77%; 10/36), BIII (36.11%; 15/36) and BIV (22.22%; 8/36). High diagnostic sensitivity (94.2%), specificity (100%) and accuracy (97.1%) of the PCR assay were obtained, indicating its reliability for diagnosing giardiasis. Notably, the assay demonstrated close concordance with microscopy (κ=0.85) and reference PCR (κ=0.98) results. The optimized method offers a cost-effective and rapid approach for G. duodenalis detection and genotyping, convenient for epidemiological studies and clinical diagnostics.
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