Abstract
An ion selective potentiometric electrode (IPE) was prepared based on salen material (bis(salicylaldehydo)ethylenediimine) as a suitable carrier for determination of cadmium ions. An acceptable response for cadmium ions obtained over a linear range 8 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−2 M with a slope of 29.8 ± 0.8 mV per decade of activity and a detection limit of 3.2 × 10−7 M for Cd (II) ions in water and liquid samples. It has a response time less than 10 s and can be used for at least 2.5 months without any measurable divergence in potential. The ion selective electrode can be used based on potential and potential changes in the pH range 3.5 to 6.5, so, the cadmium determination was obtained at independent pH. Moreover, the selectivity of proposed method in presence of interference ions was studied. The results showed that the other cations do not interfere significantly in response electrode at optimized pH. This electrode was successfully used for the determination of cadmium ions in aqueous samples. The validation was obtained based on ICP analyzer and certified reference material in water samples (CRM, NIST).
Highlights
Due to recently reported by WHO, NIOSH and ACGIHA organizations, the heavy metals such as cadmium belong to harmful material for animals and humans
The potentiometric sensors act based on ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and the electrochemical response is usually controlled by one ionic species presented in the solution
It seems that Schiff base ligands are suitable ionophores for preparation ion selective electrodes and determination of many metal ions [17, 18]
Summary
Due to recently reported by WHO, NIOSH and ACGIHA organizations, the heavy metals such as cadmium belong to harmful material for animals and humans. The Schiff base ligands are so important for their various applications in dye and plastic industries, liquid crystal technology, biochemistry and physiology [11] They are use in development of photonic devices and have potential applications such as metallomesogens [12]. Among Schiff bases, salens are tetradentate ligands that derived from salicylaldehyde and could be formed to stable complexes with transition metal ions. For these reasons, we used the salen compound as carrier in ion selective membrane for determination of Cd (II). The electrode was conditioned for 24 h by soaking in a solution of 1.0 × 10−2 M Cd(NO3)2.4H2O
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