A quantitative model based on an experimental study for the magnetoelectric coupling at the interface of cobalt ferrite–barium titanate nanocomposites

Abstract

An experimental study has been proposed to quantitatively analyze the magnetoelectric coupling at the interface of magnetoelectric nanocomposites. For that, we present a quantitative model to switch the magnetoelectric response based on the relative constituent ratios and the interface interaction for a case study: magnetoelectric [(1 − x) CoFe2O4 (CFO) + (x) BaTiO3 (BTO): x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0) nanocomposites. The parameters used to develop this model are function of magnetization, polarization and their magnetoelectric coupling. The analysis showed that: (1) the direct–direct interaction acts a switching tool for the magnetoelectric coupling and (2) it is directly proportional to x-content for the whole matrix. Overall, this observation enables the control of the inter-conversion of energies stored in electric and magnetic fields for several electronic applications as magnetic field sensors and transducers. The difference number Nd or percentage DP, % between CFO and BTO nanoparticles is inversely proportional to x within [(1-x) CFO + (x) BTO: x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1] within the whole matrix, leading to that the direct-direct interaction at CFO-BTO interface gradually increases from $$\alpha_{E} = \frac{{{\text{d}}E}}{{{\text{d}}H}}$$