Abstract
The four most recent sub-datasets of the World Value Survey (WVS) database (i.e., WVS3, WVS4, WVS5, and WVS6) contain a total of 25 non-numerical variables of environmental protection values and cover the period from 1994 to 2014. This study utilized these datasets to obtain the spatiotemporal distributions of the values and provided a preliminary analysis of the environmental protection values in different cultural districts. The work includes 4 parts. First, the information from the values included in the 25 variables is subjectively classified into action values and attitude values according to the meanings of the variable labels. Then, quantitative clustering is used to verify the results of the first step. These two steps consistently classify the 25 variables into “action” and “attitude” families. At the third step, all variables are processed as horizontal distributions in terms of the country using the arithmetic mean of the serial numbers chosen by the respondents because these numbers reflect the grade of the behavior or attitude toward environmental protection. A clustering procedure is also included in this step to reconfirm the classification results of the previous two steps. Finally, the two families are quantified using their common factors, which are the first leading modes of the empirical orthogonal function for each family. The multiyear averaged cultural district mean “action” and “attitude” indices are analyzed according to the World Culture Map. The results show that districts with different cultures have very different environmental protection values.
Highlights
The greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing since the industrial revolution due to the use of fossil fuels
The results showed that environmental consciousness, development concept, and political trust were the three main factors that influenced the support from people for economic and environmental policies by the government
The results show that the classification is the same as that from the BQuantitative classification^ subsection, which reconfirms the classification from the previous subjective analysis and clustering analysis
Summary
The greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing since the industrial revolution due to the use of fossil fuels. Because the values that dominate the behavior of people are key in studying the influences of culture on carbon emissions, we attempt to classify and quantify the non-numerical variables of the judgments of environmental protection values from the WVS data using various statistical methods. 13,586 24,558 37,542 25,879 57,903 77,867 awareness by the public Using both the meanings of the variables and the hierarchical clustering method, we classify the values data into two categories first subjectively and quantitatively, which are called Baction^ and Battitude^ (for emissions reduction). The hierarchical clustering analysis method is applied to quantitatively classify the variables based on the original WVS data This step intends to confirm the results of the subjective classification from the first step. The clustering of the variables in each WVS dataset includes the following four steps:
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