A Qualitative Exploration of Acceptance of a Conversational Chatbot as a Tool for Mental Health Support among University Students in Sudan

Abstract

Background: Sudan’s political and economic challenges have increased mental health issues among university students, but access to mental healthcare is limited. Digital health interventions, such as chatbots, could provide a potential solution to inadequate care. This study aimed to evaluate the level of acceptance of a mental health chatbot prototype among university students in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study investigated the perspectives of university students regarding a mental health chatbot prototype designed specifically for this research and deployed on Telegram. Twenty participants aged 18+, owning smartphones, and not receiving mental health treatment tested the prototype. Data was collected through individual, face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using both deductive and inductive content analysis methods. Results: Most of the participants acknowledged the importance of mental health but felt that it was an overlooked issue in Sudan. Participants considered the chatbot to be a unique and innovative concept, offering valuable features. They viewed the chatbot as a user-friendly and accessible tool, with advantages such as convenience, anonymity, and accessibility, and potential cost and time savings. However, most participants agreed that the chatbot has many limitations and should not be seen as a substitute for seeing a doctor or therapist. Conclusion: The mental health chatbot was viewed positively by participants in the study. Chatbots can be promising tools for providing accessible and confidential mental health support for university students in countries like Sudan. Long-term studies are required to assess chatbot’s mental health benefits and risks. Keywords: mental health, chatbots, university students, Sudan, young adults