A Qualitative Assessment of the Treatment Needs of Women with Concurrent Eating and Substance Use Disorders in a Residential Setting

Abstract

Objectives: Eating and substance use disorders (SUD) are generally treated separately, leaving eating disorders (ED) overlooked within substance use treatment. The frequent co-occurrence of SUD and ED is well documented. Despite their many similarities and frequent co-occurrence, these two disorder types continue to be largely treated separately–either sequentially, with the most severe disorder addressed first, or concurrently but in separate programs. Our study, therefore, responds to this lacuna of data on patient and provider treatment needs for integrated ED and SUD treatment, centering the perspectives of women with lived experience of ED and SUD to support the development of therapeutic groups for women in treatment programs. Methods: This study was designed as a needs and assets assessment to determine the needs and priorities of women with concurrent ED and SUD for developing group programs. Participants for the needs assessment included both staff members (n = 10) and women receiving treatment (n = 10) who were recruited from a 90-day residential treatment program for women with SUD in British Columbia, Canada. Interviews and focus groups conducted with participants were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically analyzed and coded using Dedoose software. Results: Six key themes emerged from the qualitative data and were organized into sections with sub themes. An overarching premise from both staff and program participants was the need for concurrent therapeutic programming, nutritional support, and medical monitoring. The six discrete themes that were elicited included the similarities between ED and SUD, gaps in treatment, community support, family involvement, program participant treatment suggestions, staff treatment suggestions, and family involvement. Conclusions: Throughout this qualitative study, the need for screening and assessment of both disorders along with integrated treatment was stressed by participants, both program participants and staff alike. These findings complement current literature and suggest that pursuing concurrent treatment design may be helpful in addressing unmet program participant needs and could provide a more holistic framework for recovery.