Abstract
Integrated fiber-wireless (FiWi) should be regarded as a promising access network architecture in future 5G networks, and beyond; this due to its seamless combination of flexibility, ubiquity, mobility of the wireless mesh network (WMN) frontend with a large capacity, high bandwidth, strong robustness in time, and a wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) backhaul. However, the key issue in both traditional human-to-human (H2H) traffic and emerging Tactile Internet is the energy conservation network operation. Therefore, a power-saving method should be instrumental in the wireless retransmission-enabled architecture design. Toward this end, this paper firstly proposes a novel energy-supply paradigm of the FiWi converged network infrastructure, i.e., the emerging power over fiber (PoF) technology instead of an external power supply. Then, the existing time-division multiplexing access (TDMA) scheme and PoF technology are leveraged to carry out joint dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) and provide enough power for the sleep schedule in each integrated optical network unit mesh portal point (ONU-MPP) branch. Additionally, the correlation between the transmitted optical power of the optical line terminal (OLT) and the quality of experience (QoE) guarantee caused by multiple hops in the wireless frontend is taken into consideration in detail. The research results prove that the envisioned paradigm can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the whole FiWi system while satisfying the average delay constraints, thus providing enough survivability for multimode optical fiber.
Highlights
Ever-increasing green communication may still become one of the major concentrations for information and communication technology (ICT) development and evolution [1,2]
Dynamic adaptive mechanism, by adapting the power state of optical network unit (ONU) according to the dynamic traffic profile [16,19,20]; (4) BSs energy consumption minimization with user equipment (UE) connection constraints, at the expense of the successful connection number of end equipment [21,22]; and (5) service class resource management-based power-saving mechanisms (PSM), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) possessing five and eight service classes, respectively, and PON consisting of three service classes via incorporating service class differentiation into the PSM of green wireless optical broadband access networks (WOBAN) [23]
The combination of optical line terminal (OLT) sleep with ONU sleep was explained in the proposed FiWi network; the network equipment responsible for the wireless frontend and optical backhaul was not involved in the power over fiber (PoF)-empowered power saving
Summary
Ever-increasing green communication may still become one of the major concentrations for information and communication technology (ICT) development and evolution [1,2]. Dynamic adaptive mechanism, by adapting the power state of ONU according to the dynamic traffic profile [16,19,20]; (4) BSs energy consumption minimization with UE connection constraints, at the expense of the successful connection number of end equipment [21,22]; and (5) service class resource management-based PSM, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) possessing five and eight service classes, respectively, and PON consisting of three service classes via incorporating service class differentiation into the PSM of green wireless optical broadband access networks (WOBAN) [23]. The combination of OLT sleep with ONU sleep was explained in the proposed FiWi network; the network equipment responsible for the wireless frontend and optical backhaul was not involved in the PoF-empowered power saving. Given the minimized energy consumption and acceptable data communication delay, we derivate the mean tolerant end-to-end traffic delay over the envisioned FiWi access network, and the bridge of the correlation function between the QoE value and transmitted optical power.
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