A prospective cohort study of the impact of outpatient Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation on depression and cardiac self-efficacy

Abstract

Study objectiveTo evaluate whether an Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation (ICR) program improves depression and cardiac self-efficacy among patients with a qualifying cardiac diagnosis. DesignProspective, longitudinal cohort design. SettingSingle-center, tertiary referral, outpatient cardiac rehabilitation center. ParticipantsPatients with a qualifying diagnosis for ICR. InterventionsOutpatient ICR. Main outcome measure(s)Mental health, as assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and cardiac self-efficacy using the Cardiac Self-Efficacy (CSE) scale. ResultsOf the 268 patients included (median age 69 y, 73% men), 70% had no depressive symptoms at baseline (PHQ-9 score <5). PHQ-9 scores improved in the overall sample (p < 0.0001), with greater improvements among patients with mild depressive symptoms at baseline (−4 points, p < 0.001) and those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms at baseline (−5.5 points, p < 0.001). Cardiac self-efficacy improved overall, and the two subsections of the cardiac self-efficacy questionnaire titled, “maintain function” and “control symptoms” improved (all p < 0.001). ConclusionsParticipation in an outpatient ICR program is associated with fewer depressive symptoms and greater cardiac self-efficacy among patients with CVD who qualify for ICR. The improvement in depression was greatest for those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms.