A Progressive Rise in Serum Copper Levels in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives: A Potential Hazard?

Abstract

123 healthy Jewish women (18-22 years) were divided into OC (oral contraceptives) users (n=75), and controls (n=48). All women were on a similar diet. The OC users were divided into 3 groups (1, 2 and 3) based on the OC preparations they were taking. Venous blood samples were collected; serum copper levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Parker et al.'s method). Serum copper levels did not correlate with time of menstrual cycle for each group, and for all groups considered together. Mean serum copper level in the control group, 120 ug/100 ml +/- 15 SD (standard deviation), was significantly lower than the serum copper level of all contraceptive groups considered together. Of the 3 groups, group 3 (those taking Neogynon) showed a steady and progressive rise in serum copper level. The mechanism of action of the rise of serum copper and ceruplasmin levels following OC intake is not clear. Hypercupremia may be due to excessive absorption of copper by the intestines, to a shift of copper from tissue to blood compartment, or to both. Chronic copper intoxication could result from hypercupremia associated with chronic OC use. Studies of Wilson's disease show that severe damage could result from excessive copper deposition in various tissues. Further research should be done to determine the potential hazards of chronic copper intoxication, particularly in patients taking Neogynon.