Abstract
Effects of surface properties such as roughness and surface energy are critical for determining the biocompatibility of all types of biomaterials, as in the case of biomedical alloys. Recently, microstructure induced surface energy changes have started attracting attention in surface property related biocompatibility analysis of metals. The current study mainly aims to focus on the effects of surface micro modification on the biocompatibility of metallic biomaterials, in order to get an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that affect surface properties and biocompatibility. For this purpose, a preliminary biocompatibility analysis was conducted on a conventional biomedical alloy; 316L stainless steel, whose surface was modified by forming micro-deformation areas of different patterns. The results of this study indicated that, in addition to surface roughness, micro-deformation pattern characteristics are also very critical parameters in terms of determining cellular response, which also affect surface energy by inducing microstructural mechanisms.
Highlights
Metallic biomaterials are widely used for biomedical purposes such as orthopedic implants, dental applications or cardiovascular devices
The results of the surface profilometry analysis of the formed patterns and the reference sample surface listing the average surface roughness (Ra) and the maximum depth (Rz) created by the indentations for each pattern are given in Table 3. (Since no indentations were formed on the reference sample, Rz value was not measured for this sample.)
Comparing the deformed sample surfaces with each other, it was observed that average surface roughness increases with increasing indent size and the application of a larger amount of load results in deeper indents which translate to higher Rz values as observed in samples 1 and 2 in comparison to samples 3 and 4
Summary
Metallic biomaterials are widely used for biomedical purposes such as orthopedic implants, dental applications or cardiovascular devices. As in all types of materials, material surface is of utmost importance for metals as well, as the first biomaterial-tissue interaction takes place at the surface [5,6] Surface properties such as roughness, topographical features, wettability and surface energy are the important surface related parameters which determine initial biocompatibility response in terms of biomechanical fixation, osseointegration, corrosion and ion release [5,6,7]. Surface topography and surface energy were shown to be affected by microstructure at the micro and nanoscale, which in turn influenced cell attachment and proliferation behavior [10,11,12] With this motivation, the current study aims to get a preliminary understanding of the effect of surface micro modification on the biocompatibility of metallic biomaterials. Mation areas on the sample surfaces and the effect of each Hitachi Regulus 8230 Field Emission Scanning Electron Mimicro-deformation area on cell attachment was examined
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