Abstract
Developing a multifunctional biomaterial for bone filling and local antibiotic therapy is a complex challenge for bone tissue engineering. Hybrid nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), fullerene (C60), and vancomycin (VC) were produced by injection. Fullerene was successfully impregnated with VC, as seen in FTIR. The crystallinity degree of PHBHV was slightly reduced in the presence of C60 and VC (64.3 versus 60.8 %), due to the plasticizing effect of these particles. It also resulted in a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg), observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dense PHBHV/nHA/C60/VC had a flexural elastic modulus 29 % higher than PHBHV, as a result of the good interface between PHBHV, C60, and nHA – particles of high elastic modulus. Dense disks released 25.03 ± 4.27 % of VC for 14 days, which demonstrated its potential to be an alternative treatment to bone infections. Porous scaffolds of PHBHV/nHA/C60/VC were 3D printed with a porosity of 50 % and porous size of 467 ± 70 μm, and had compression elastic modulus of 0.022 GPa, being a promising material to trabecular bone replacement. The plasticizing effect of C60 improved the printability of the material. The hybrid nanocomposite was non-cytotoxic and showed good ability in adhering macrophage cells.
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