Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine cancer with a significantly increase of the incidence recently. Several cytokines, such as thyroid peroxidase (TPO), cluster of differentiation 56 (CD56), Galectin-3, mesothelial cell (MC), cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and BRAF (B-raf) were recommended to be tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a definitive diagnosis, but were still limited in clinical use because of their relative lower sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNA (miRNA), as a new molecular biomarkers, however, has not been reported yet so far. To address this, hsa-miR-200a-5p, a miRNA, was selected and detected in PTC patients by in situ hybrization with benign thyroid tumor with papillary hyperplasia as a control, and the differential expression of hsa-miR-200a-5p between fresh PTC tissues and control was detected by qRT-PCR. Expressive levels of cytokines of TPO, CD56, Galectin-3, MC, CK19 and B-raf were also detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation was analyzed by SPSS software using Spearman methods. As expected, the hsa-miR-200a-5p expressive level was significantly increased in PTC patients, compared to that of control, and was consistent with that of TPO, CD56, Galectin-3, MC, CK19 and B-raf. In addition, expression of hsa-miR-200a-5p showed negative correlation to that of TPO (rs = - 0.734; **: P < 0.01) and CD56 (rs = - 0.570; **: P < 0.01), but positive correlation to that of Galectin-3 (rs = 0.601; **: P < 0.01), MC (rs = 0.508; **: P < 0.01), CK19 (rs = 0.712; **: P < 0.01) and B-raf (rs = 0.378; **: P < 0.01). PTC and papillary benign thyroid papillary hyperplasia are difficult to distinguish in morphology, so requiring immunohistochemistry to further differentiate the diagnosis, however, for the existing clinical common diagnostic marker for immunohistochemistry, the sensitivity and accuracy are low, it is easy to miss diagnosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid and sensitive molecular marker. So miR-200a-5p can be used to assist in the diagnosis of PTC at the molecular level, and as a biomarker, can be effectively used to distinguish between PTC and benign thyroid tumor with papillary hyperplasia.
Highlights
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer with a significantly increase of the incidence in recent years, especially in young men [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
There are some markers for the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and benign thyroid tumor with papillary hyperplasia, such as cytokeratin 19 (CK19)/Galectin-3/HBME1, but they are limited in clinical use because of their relative lower sensitivity and specificity
The hsa-miR-200a-5p expressive level was significantly increased in PTC patients, consistent with that of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), cluster of differentiation 56 (CD56), Glectin-3, mesothelial cell (MC), CK19 and B-raf, which provides an experimental evidence for the possible diagnosis and treatment of PTC with hsa-miR-200a-5p
Summary
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer with a significantly increase of the incidence in recent years, especially in young men [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. PTC is the most common thyroid malignant tumor, generally with an indolent clinical course, accounting for about 60% to 70% of total thyroid cancers, [12,13,14]. There are some markers for the differential diagnosis of PTC and benign thyroid tumor with papillary hyperplasia, such as CK19/Galectin-3/HBME1, but they are limited in clinical use because of their relative lower sensitivity and specificity. It remains difficult in the differential diagnosis[19]. With the development of molecular biology and the emergence of various biomarkers, many researchers try to find new molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of thyroid cancers
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