A Possible Alternative to the Accelerating Universe

Frank R Tangherlini

doi:10.4236/jmp.2015.61010

Abstract

A possible alternative to the accelerating universe is proposed, which shows that the diminished brightness of the high red shift Type Ia supernovae can be explained by assuming light travels with reduced speed through the dark energy of intergalactic space. It is also shown that support for the model from baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) studies can also be accommodated by the model. Two tables are given that compare the model with apparent magnitude differences and length differences between the universe and the Einstein-de Sitter universe, and they show that the model yields these differences quite accurately. A third table comparing the apparent magnitude difference between and a universe with is also given. It exhibits poor agreement with the model, and hence the model favors the need for dark energy, albeit without negative pressure. As a new approach to the “why now?” problem, and its apparent challenge to the Copernican principle, it is proposed that dark energy is a condensed form of dark matter caused by expansion cooling, rather than a different substance. A motivation for an alternative to is presented based on a principle that rules out the cosmological term.

Highlights

This work will give an alternative to the accelerating model of the universe that has been used to describe the diminished brightness of the Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa), when compared to what would be the case in a decelerating universe, that was found by Perlmutter et al [1] [2], Riess, et al [3], and Schmidt et al [4]
The alternative model agrees with the accelerating model as to the existence of dark energy, it does not associate a negative pressure with the dark energy, as given by the cosmological term, or a suitable form of quintessence, How to cite this paper: Tangherlini, F.R. (2015) A Possible Alternative to the Accelerating Universe
The above analysis shows that the reduction of light speed through the dark energy can provide an alternative explanation for the diminished brightness of the SNeIa, the question arises whether the proposed model can accommodate the findings from the study of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), that have been shown to be consistently described by the flat ΛCDM model [19]? Outside the scope of the work here is the BAO work itself, that provides new determinations of cosmological parameters, see e.g. [20], and, significantly, provides a

Summary

Introduction

This work will give an alternative to the accelerating model of the universe that has been used to describe the diminished brightness of the Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa), when compared to what would be the case in a decelerating universe, that was found by Perlmutter et al [1] [2], Riess, et al [3], and Schmidt et al [4]. To be sure, this scenario does not explain why the dark matter parameters should have this property, or why there is dark matter, rather than just baryonic matter, the term “approach” is used here rather than the term “answer”.

A Fundamental Difficulty with the Cosmological Term

Determination of n

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

Findings

Discussion