Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of orange juice on oxidative stress, neutrophil functions and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Fifteen patients with type 2 diabetes with haemoglobin A1c = 8.5% ingested 500 ml of orange juice every day for 4 weeks. Only plasma vitamin C was significantly increased (0.783 ± 0.09 vs 0.844 ± 0.09 mg/dL, p <0.05) and superoxide dismutase was tended to increase (46.8 ± 1.44 vs 48 ± 1.45 U/mL, p =0.06) after the orange juice intake. The slope of correlation between phagocytic activities and percentages of oxidative burst in patients who had taken orange juice was higher than before the ingestion. The findings suggest that the ingestion of orange juice increased vitamin C although it did not change the level of oxidant, neutrophil function and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. This is a pilot study which needs to be further investigated.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a critical health problem that has been increasing worldwide
Increased oxidative stress [4] and decreased antioxidant activity [5] resulting from uncontrolled hyperglycaemia were shown to be one of the mechanisms leading to impaired immune function [6] and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 Diabetes
We aimed to examine the effects of orange juice on oxidative stress indicated by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants determined by the levels of vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, immune function determined by neutrophil functions as well as cardiovascular disease risk factors determined by the levels of blood glucose and lipid profiles
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a critical health problem that has been increasing worldwide. Increased oxidative stress [4] and decreased antioxidant activity [5] resulting from uncontrolled hyperglycaemia were shown to be one of the mechanisms leading to impaired immune function [6] and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 Diabetes. Orange juice was reported to improve anti-oxidative stress [7,8,9,10,11,12,13] and reduce cardiovascular disease risks [14,15] This may be due to vitamin C [16] and other antioxidants [17] in orange juice which were demonstrated to improve immune function [18] and reduce cardiovascular disease risks
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