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Abstract
By applying the Landau theory, the appearance of the antiferroelectric phase in smectic liquid crystals and the double hysteresis loop are interpreted. Several types of phase sequences including the antiferroelectric, ferroelectric and/or ferrielectric phase are obtained phenomenologically. The D-E curves in the antiferroelectric phase are classified into three types depending on temperature and the coefficients of the fourth-order terms in the free energy.
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