Abstract
A new mix-mode cellulose-based sorptive phase is described that combines two different polymeric domains (i.e., nylon and polystyrene), thus providing simultaneous hydrophilic and hydrophobic features as a result. By analogy with Janus materials, the new paper-based sorptive phase has been named paper-based polystyrene/nylon Janus-platform (P-Ps/Ny-JP). The main advantages of the proposed P-Ps/Ny-JP are the sustainability, simplicity in synthesis, and low cost of this extraction device. The main parameters affecting the synthesis (i.e., coating procedure and polymers proportion) have been studied, and the resulting material has been characterized via scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. As a proof-of-concept, the simultaneous extraction of fourteen UV filters of a wide range of polarity, with log P values ranging from − 0.234 to 16.129, from water samples and their determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been performed. The proposed methodology enables the determination of these chemicals with limits of detection from 12 to 71 ng L−1, and the precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation, was below 15%. The extraction device was applied to the analysis of real water samples likely to contain UV filters (i.e., two private swimming pool water and one seawater) and the recovery values were in the range 73–121%.Graphical abstract
Highlights
The synthesis of new sorptive phases is one of the leading research lines in the field of microextraction techniques
In a previous article [22], we have demonstrated that the cellulose substrate and a polyamide coating can synergically contribute to the extraction capacity allowing the joint isolation of analytes with logarithms of octanol/water partition coefficient in the range from 0.88 to 2.83
Among the multitude of extraction phases used for the extraction of these compounds, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stands out both in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) approaches [35]
Summary
The synthesis of new sorptive phases is one of the leading research lines in the field of microextraction techniques. An excessive selectivity may drive to chemical information losses when substances covering a wide range of chemical properties are intended to be determined in the same analysis. This situation is typical in non-targeted analysis (e.g., untargeted metabolomics) [21] or when a group of chemicals having a different structure but similar effect/ use (e.g., endocrine disrupters, UV filters) is targeted. In such cases, the simultaneous and effective isolation of the analytes becomes challenging. For a wider polarity interval, a single sorbent phase would not be versatile enough
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