Abstract
A liquid jet injected from a nozzle stretches in the direction of the applied electric field and subsequently emits multiple droplets on pinch-off. It is hypothesized that the size and frequency of the drops can be manipulated by varying the electric field strength and flow rate, which is essential in electrohydrodynamic jet printing. Numerical simulations of the electrified jet breakup are performed using an in-house code based on the Dual Grid Level Set Method. To comprehend the impact of the electric and hydrodynamic forces, three dimensionless parameters are introduced: injection velocity (0.01≤Vinj≤0.15), Reynolds number (10≤Re≤100) and electric Bond number (0≤Boe≤30).Our results indicate the transition from dripping to micro-dripping and micro-jetting (at high Vinj) with increasing Boe. The critical Boe, at which this transition occurs, is found to escalate with an increase in Re. The stability of the micro-dripping mode is characterized by the balancing of the electrical and viscous shear stresses. Although the influence of the electric Bond number on the jet breakup length is marginal, it has a significant effect on the droplet diameter and formation frequency. A re-formulated scaling law suggests that the jet breakup length is mainly affected by injection velocity and Reynolds number.
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