Abstract
The functions of the nasal cavity are very important for maintaining the internal environment of the lungs since the inner walls of the nasal cavity control the temperature and saturation of the inhaled air with water vapor until the nasopharynx is reached. In this paper, three-dimensional computational studies of airflow transport in the models of the nasal cavity were carried out for the usual inspiratory velocity in various environmental conditions. Three-dimensional numerical results are compared with experimental data and calculations of other authors. Numerical results show that during normal breathing, the human nose copes with heat and relative moisture metabolism in order to balance the intra-alveolar conditions. It is also shown in this paper that a normal nose can maintain balance even in extreme conditions, for example, in cold and hot weather. The nasal cavity accelerates heat transfer by narrowing the air passages and swirls from the nasal concha walls of the inner cavity.
Highlights
The human nasal cavity acts as an important component of the respiratory system with many vital functions, including heating, filtering, moisturizing the air flow and smell
Numerical study of heating and moisturizing the air in the human nose The air flow in the nasal cavity of a person plays an important role in many physiological functions of the nose, such as heating and moisturizing the flow of air and others
This study serves as the basis for a better understanding of transport phenomena in the nasal cavity, which are the main functions of the nose
Summary
The human nasal cavity acts as an important component of the respiratory system with many vital functions, including heating, filtering, moisturizing the air flow and smell These functions are based on transport phenomena, which depend on the nature of the air flow in the nasal structure. After the first studies of nasal function [5, 12, 13, 43], it was clear that inhaling through the nasal cavity causes the incoming ambient air to become almost alveolar, is completely saturated with water vapor and heated to a person’s body temperature by the time it reaches the pharynx These results were confirmed in many studies that collected data on air temperature values from various places in the upper respiratory tract. In the paper [10], measurements were made using laser anemometry on a human nose model and found that the flow field is mainly laminar
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