Abstract
Abstract The model Beard Chuang, using the differential form of Laplace's formula, has been extended to raindrop shapes under the influence of vertical electric fields and drop charges. A finite volume method was used with a boundary-fitted coordinate system to calculate the shape-dependent electric field. The distorted shape was obtained by numerical integration from the upper to lower pole by iteration to achieve the appropriate drop volume and force balance using shape-dependent stresses. The model prediction of the critical electric field for instability is within a few percent of previous models for a stationary drop, but stability was found to be considerably enhanced for raindrops because of the counteracting aerodynamic distortion. The predicted critical fields for larger raindrops, however, are about 2 kV cm−1 higher than found in the wind tunnel measurements of Richards and Dawson. Model raindrop shapes in a strong, electric field show a pronounced extension of the upper pole, and a flattened ba...
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