Abstract
Understanding fire characteristics under sprinkler spray is valuable for performance-based safety design. However, fire characteristics during fire suppression by sprinkler spray has seldom been studied in detail. In order to present a fire suppression model by sprinkler spray and determine the fire characteristics after sprinkler activation in a compartment, a numerical analysis was conducted using a fire dynamics simulator (FDS). A simple fire suppression model by sprinkler spray was calibrated by comparing ceiling temperatures from experimental data. An extinguishing coefficient of 3.0 was shown to be suitable for the fire suppression model. The effect of sprinkler spray on the smoke layer during fire suppression was explained, revealing a smoke logging phenomenon. In addition, the smoke, which spread under the influence of the sprinkler spray, was also investigated. The temperature, velocity, and mass flow rate of the smoke layer through the doorway was significantly reduced during fire suppression compared to a free burn case.
Highlights
In Korean regulations, automatic sprinkler systems are required in buildings and factories to control a fire
Extensive research has been conducted to improve the design and efficiency of sprinkler systems for many years, especially using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling, which can simulate the interaction of water with fire environments and has been widely used and become a powerful tool with many advantages
As α value varies between 0.5 m /(kg·s) and 4.0 m /(kg.s), the ceiling temperature of numerical simulation decreases with an increasing extinguishing coefficient
Summary
In Korean regulations, automatic sprinkler systems are required in buildings and factories to control a fire. Novozhilow et al [1] developed a CFD model of burning rate and extinction in fires by water sprinklers. They developed a CFD model to predict extinguishment times of an array of wood slats by sprinkler water. It is necessary for a study that includes the phenomena above to better understand fire characteristics under water spray with a simple fire suppression model In this present study, fire characteristics after sprinkler activation in a compartment were investigated by numerical analysis in FDS 6.7.0. Based on the experimental data, the numerical simulations proceeded to calibrate the fire suppression model by comparison to the ceiling temperature. The smoke spread was analyzed in terms of temperature, velocity, mass flow, and was compared to a case of free burn
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