Abstract
Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method for Glossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator's ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling of G. m. morsitans Westwood and G. m. centralis Machado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch. Using randomised block design experiments conducted in Zambia, we compared and modelled the number of tsetse flies caught in the treatment arms using negative binomial regression. There were no significant differences in the catch indices of the three colour designs and for in-line or transversely oriented panels for both subspecies (P > 0.05). When baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol, VST caught 1.38 (1.11-1.72; P < 0.01) times more G. m. centralis flies than the un-baited trap. Attractants did not significantly increase the VST catch index for G. m. morsitans (P > 0.05). Overall, the VST caught 2.42 (1.91-3.10; P < 0.001) and 2.60 (1.50-3.21; P < 0.001) times more G. m. centralis and G. m. morsitans respectively, than the BFR. The VST and BFR took 10 and 35 min respectively to cover a 1 km transect. The VST is several times more effective for sampling G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis than the BFR and we recommend its use as an alternative sampling tool.
Highlights
Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the sole cyclical vectors of trypanosomes that cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness) and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT or nagana) [1]
We show that vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) is more effective in catching both female and male G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis compared to the black-screen fly round (BFR)
VST covered the same distance of Black screen fly round (BFR) in a much shorter time
Summary
Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the sole cyclical vectors of trypanosomes that cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness) and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT or nagana) [1]. Increased treatment and vector control in the last two decades has resulted in a substantial reduction in reported HAT cases, from over 30,000 in 1999 [2] to below 1000 in 2018 [3]. Both subspecies are efficient vectors of sleeping sickness and nagana [6], with HAT foci persisting within their geographic range [7]. Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method for Glossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets.
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