Abstract
Purpose: Praziquantel (PZQ) is a well-known drug accredited by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It shows poor efficiency in patients during the earliest infection phases. Therefore, the search for new alternative drugs was the intention of many researchers. Methods: In the current study, the effect of different concentrations (ranging from 0.07-10 μg∕mL) of calcium silicate (CS) containing 5% copper oxide [CS-5%CuO] on golden hamster infected by Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium (Egyptian strains) was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel study in investigating the efficiency of CS-5%CuO against both strains of schistosomes. The worms of S. mansoni and S. haematobium were tested in RPMI-1640 medium in vitro. Results: The results declare that CS-5% CuO exhibited excellent anti-schistosomal activities on both in vitro and in vivo experiments for both Egyptians Schistosoma strains. The most potential effect of the CS-5% CuO was exhibited after 6 h by 10 μg∕mL with significant activity of (P value = 0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, CS-5%CuO may become an innovative treatment for the schistosomiasis.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis is a highly demolishing tropical disease and is a devastating source of illness in underdeveloped countries.[1]
In the current study, the effect of different concentrations of calcium silicate (CS) containing 5% copper oxide [CS-5%CuO] on golden hamster infected by Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium (Egyptian strains) was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo
A small quantity of the nanoparticles was dispersed in ethanol, few milliliters of the solution were dropped onto a copper grid and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image was achieved
Summary
Schistosomiasis is a highly demolishing tropical disease and is a devastating source of illness in underdeveloped countries.[1] Bilharziasis is considered a water-born trematodiasis which uses fresh water snails as an intermediate host. There are three main strains infecting humans; Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma japonicum.[2] Such strains are parasitic flukes (trematodes) in the genus Schistosoma, found in tropical areas and lead to chronic kidney disease. The acute phase is often short-term and develops in a mild form few weeks following the penetrating of the schistosome parasite through the skin of the host. Schistosomiasis may develop into a chronic inflammation which progresses slowly into swelling, fibrosis and necrosis of the affected abdominal viscera.[3]
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