A novel topographically patterned MXene@MnO2/PVDF piezo-active hybrid for flexible real-time and sensitive force sensor

Abstract

Flexible force sensors capable of real-time and sensitive analysis have gained immense popularity because of their great potential to be integrated into potable and wearable electronics. Herein, a novel flexible force sensor constructing from topographically patterned piezo-active MXene@MnO2/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hybrid that allows for real-time precise pressure detection is proposed. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of topographical patterning and nano-reinforcement filling, the piezo-active hybrids with convex microarrays patterns demonstrate outstanding piezoelectric coefficient d33 (49 pC/N) and output upon mechanical stimuli, enabling the resultant force sensors with high voltage sensitivity of 0.450 V/N, fast response time of 16–19 ms and excellent operation stability. Furthermore, the feasibility of sensors in effectively detecting water droplets, gas flow and finger bending is demonstrated, confirming their viability for real applications.